Medicine
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 213-217 , April 2008

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: aetiology, pathology, physiology and outcome

References 

  1. Fletcher C, Peto R. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. BMJ. 1977;1:1645–1648
  2. Rennard SI, Vestbo J. COPD: the dangerous underestimate of 15%. Lancet. 2006;367:1216–1219
  3. Vestbo J, Hogg JC. Convergence of the epidemiology and pathology of COPD. Thorax. 2006;61:86–88
  4. Landbo C, Prescott E, Lange P, Vestbo J, Almdal TP. Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:1856–1861
  5. Swallow EB, Rees D, Hopkinson NS, et al. Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2007;62:115–120
  6. Mancini GB, Etminan M, Zhang B, Levesque LE, Fitzgerald JM, Brophy JM. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2554–2560
  7. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1005–1012
  8. Jemal A, Ward E, Hao Y, Thun M. Trends in the leading causes of death in the United States, 1970–2002. JAMA. 2005;294:1255–1259
  9. O’Donnell DE, Flüge T, Gerken F, et al. Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:832–840

PII: S1357-3039(08)00015-7

doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2008.01.002

Medicine
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 213-217 , April 2008

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