The immunocompromised patient: infection in cancer and transplantation

Abstract 

Patients with cancer and organ graft recipients remain highly susceptible to life-threatening infections. Specific defects in one or more of the host defence mechanisms are associated with characteristic infections with particular pathogens. In addition, certain infections follow temporal patterns. Diagnosis of infection requires careful examination, concentrating on selected body sites and systems. Radiology, microbial culture, antigen detection and molecular tests are of particular value but serology tests are less useful. Empirical therapy based on local epidemiology is the mainstay of treatment but these regimens should be modified on the basis of significant investigation results. Duration of therapy is usually prolonged and may be continued until immune reconstitution. Preventative measures include strict hygiene, controlled environment and use of protective clothing. Directed antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination is also employed.

Keywords: cancer, diagnosis, epidemiology, infection, management, prevention, transplant